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什麼是 iSCSI?

iSCSI 代表網際網路小型電腦系統介面。它是一種使用 TCP/IP 透過網路連接儲存設備的協定。 iSCSI 允許透過 IP 網路傳輸 SCSI 命令,從而促進儲存區域網路 (SAN) 的發展,並提供一種存取遠端儲存設備的方法,就好像這些設備是本地連接的一樣。該技術通常用於資料中心和企業環境中,以提供靈活且可擴展的儲存解決方案。

iSCSI 是如何運作的?

iSCSI 將 SCSI 指令封裝在 TCP/IP 封包中,允許這些指令透過標準 IP 網路傳輸。此過程涉及發起者(通常是伺服器)向目標(儲存裝置)發送命令,目標處理命令並透過網路傳回資料。此方法支援遠端儲存訪問,就像本地連接一樣,使其對於分散式環境非常有效率。

iSCSI 的主要用途是什麼?

iSCSI 的主要用途包括建立和管理儲存區域網路 (SAN)、支援伺服器集中儲存以及為虛擬化環境提供可擴展的儲存解決方案。 iSCSI 也用於備份和災難復原操作,因為它允許使用 IP 網路進行長距離資料複製,從而確保資料可用性和保護。

使用iSCSI有什麼優點?

iSCSI 具有多種優勢,包括成本效益,因為它利用現有的 IP 網路基礎設施,而不需要專門的硬體。與光纖通道網路相比,它也更容易設定和管理。此外,iSCSI 還提供可擴展性,使組織能夠根據需要擴展其儲存容量,而無需在新硬體上進行大量投資。

iSCSI 與光纖通道 SAN 相比如何?

iSCSI 通常比光纖通道 SAN 更具成本效益且更易於實施,後者需要專用光纖通道交換器、主機匯流排適配器 (HBA) 和佈線。雖然光纖通道提供高效能和低延遲,但 iSCSI 可以透過高速 IP 網路實現類似的結果,使其成為許多組織的可行替代方案。此外,iSCSI 使用現有網路基礎架構的能力降低了部署複雜性和成本。

iSCSI 可以在哪些類型的網路上運作?

iSCSI 可以在任何基於 IP 的網路上運行,包括區域網路 (LAN)、廣域網路 (WAN),甚至是網際網路。這種靈活性允許組織在各種環境中部署 iSCSI,從小型辦公室網路到大型企業基礎設施。此外,iSCSI 與標準乙太網路技術的兼容性使其易於與現有網路設定整合。

什麼是 iSCSI 啟動器?

iSCSI 啟動器是一種用戶端設備,例如伺服器,它透過 IP 網路向 iSCSI 目標發送 SCSI 命令。發起方將 SCSI 指令封裝到 TCP/IP 封包中,然後將其傳輸到目標方。 iSCSI 啟動器可以是基於硬體的(使用專用 iSCSI HBA)或基於軟體的(使用 iSCSI 軟體驅動程式),從而提供了部署選項的靈活性。

什麼是 iSCSI 目標?

iSCSI 目標是一種儲存資源,例如磁碟陣列、儲存伺服器或磁帶庫,用於接收和處理來自 iSCSI 啟動器的 SCSI 指令。目標透過讀取或寫入資料來回應命令,然後將資料傳回發起者。 iSCSI 目標可設定為向啟動器提供多個儲存磁碟區 (LUN),從而實現高效率的儲存管理和指派。

iSCSI可以在虛擬化環境中使用嗎?

是的,iSCSI 通常用於虛擬化環境中,為虛擬機器提供共用儲存。這實現了即時遷移、高可用性和集中儲存管理等功能。透過使用 iSCSI,虛擬機器可以像存取本地儲存一樣存取遠端存儲,從而促進高效的資源利用並簡化虛擬化資料中心的儲存管理。

iSCSI 的安全考量有哪些?

iSCSI 的安全注意事項包括使用 CHAP(質詢握手驗證協定)等驗證方法來驗證發起方和目標的身份。實施 IPsec 進行加密可以保護傳輸中的資料免於未經授權的存取。此外,確保網路隔離(例如使用專用 VLAN 或單獨的實體網路)可透過將儲存流量與常規網路流量隔離來增強安全性。

iSCSI 中的 CHAP 是什麼?

CHAP(質詢握手身份驗證協定)是 iSCSI 中使用的一種方法,用於驗證發起方和目標的身份以確保安全通訊。在 CHAP 過程中,發起方向目標發送質詢,目標使用從共用金鑰派生的值回應。發起者驗證該回應,如果回應正確則建立安全連線。此機制有助於防止對儲存資源的未經授權的存取。

如何設定 iSCSI 啟動器?

設定 iSCSI 啟動器涉及在用戶端裝置上安裝 iSCSI 啟動器軟體並指定 iSCSI 目標的 IP 位址。然後,啟動器被配置為發現可用的目標並與它們建立連接。如果需要,可以設定 CHAP 憑證等驗證設定來保護連線。連線後,發起方可以存取和管理目標方提供的儲存資源。

TCP/IP 在 iSCSI 中扮演什麼角色?

TCP/IP 是 iSCSI 用於在 IP 網路上封裝和傳輸 SCSI 指令的傳輸協定。透過利用 TCP/IP 的可靠性和廣泛採用,iSCSI 可以跨各種網路環境實現儲存設備和伺服器之間的通訊。這種方法可確保資料完整性,並允許在區域網路和廣域網路上進行高效率的儲存管理。

iSCSI 可以用於災難復原嗎?

是的,iSCSI 通常用於災難復原解決方案,因為它能夠透過 IP 網路跨遠端位置複製資料。透過在主儲存站點和輔助儲存站點之間建立 iSCSI 連接,組織可以確保資料的持續可用性並在災難發生時快速復原。此功能使 iSCSI 成為實施強大且經濟高效的災難復原策略的寶貴工具。

iSCSI 的效能考量有哪些?

iSCSI 的效能考量包括網路頻寬,因為需要足夠的頻寬來處理儲存流量的資料傳輸要求。延遲也應該最小化,以確保及時回應 SCSI 命令。實施服務品質 (QoS) 有助於優先考慮儲存流量而不是其他網路流量。此外,使用專用 VLAN 或單獨的實體網路可以透過減少擁塞並將儲存流量與一般網路流量隔離來提高效能。

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